This book is the first comprehensive history of Iran's student movement from its origin to the 1970s. The main narrative draws almost exclusively on primary sources to give a full historical account of the Confederation of Iranian Students/National Union (CISNU), the largest and most influential opposition organization active throughout the two decades before the 1978-79 revolution. The CISNU story, however, is framed in the general background of Iran's student and leftist movement both at home and abroad. Thus the book has a second narrative that partially covers another previously unstudied topic. Beyond its intrinsic significance as a missing chapter in twentieth-century Iranian history, this work will help to revise current understandings of the revolution, as it documents the central role of students in the pre-revolutionary opposition. It thus differs from the majority of works on modern Iran in the originality of its subject matter, extensive use of new primary sources, and the revisionist implications of its findings. The book will be of interest to Iran and Middle East experts, as well as to students of comparative politics, political culture, nationalism, and radical movements in general. It should also appeal to a wider nonacademic readership interested in contemporary history, current events, the Middle East and Iran (including a large Iranian population in the US, thousands of whom are familiar, or former affiliates, with the country's student movement).