Based on a meticulous study of the texts—mostly cuneiform, legal and economic documents— mentioning Iranians in Achaemenid Babylonia (539-330 B.C.), Dr. Dandamayev has reconstructed the social, economic, and administrative life of the Persians, Medes, and other Iranian peoples in Babylonia under the Persian Empire. The heart of the book is a dictionary of over 350 Iranian names mentioned in connection with Babylonia. Essays on the changes in Babylonian life under the Achaemenid and on the role of Iranians in Achaemenid Babylonia explore the implications of the information on the linguistics of the early Iranian languages, economic and social life of Babylonia, and the government of the Achaemenid Empire.